SPEAKING PLACE (EL LUGAR DE HABLA): ¿PUEDO HABLAR O NO? (PARTE 8)
Desde Brasília, la capital de Brasil.
Sobre representatividad formal y representatividad sustancial
Toda representatividad otorgada por ley o procuración, representa una transferencia de Poder a un tercero, con el objetivo de manifestar la voluntad de áquel que transfere el poder. Este tipo de representación es formal, porque requiere una forma definida por la ley.
Es cierto que la manifestación de voluntad del representante se realiza dentro de ciertos límites, es decir, dentro de los límites que determine la ley o la procuración.
Es importante recordar que si bien la ley determina que alguien se expresa en lugar de una persona incapacitada, o, en el caso de la procuración, que la representación la haga alguien que sea experto en alguna área que el emisor no domina, sin embargo, el representado mantiene su lugar de habla.
En esta analogía que propongo, entiendo perfectamente que quien no sufre los dolores del prejuicio está limitado por la ausencia, en sí misma, de los efectos del prejuicio o de cualquier tipo de discriminación sufrida.
En esta línea de razonamiento, un hombre blanco, en los años 60, en el estado de Mississippi-USA, llegando a un bar o restaurante que adoptó la segregación y tenía carteles que decían que este lugar era “SOLO PARA BLANCOS”, ciertamente no sentiría el dolor de ser un hombre negro en tal situación. Pero, ese mismo blanco tendría la plenitud del derecho al “lugar de habla” de los oprimidos, porque:
1 – suficientemente racional para identificar, analizar, juzgar y decidir si adopta tal postura o si se opone a ella;
2 – es un ser humano y, como tal, comprende los dolores y problemas de sus consortes, es decir, de otros seres humanos;
3 – está dotado del sentimiento, la solidaridad y la empatía de un ser humano con otro que lo sufre, lo que no requiere ley ni poder, de nadie;
4 – Las víctimas quieren ser ayudadas. Esa es la regla.
Trate de recordar las grandes catástrofes como terremotos o “tsunamis”, en los que todos hablan por todos y todos ayudan a todos, independientemente de su raza, color, credo, origen, clase económica y género.
Quien defiende el lugar de habla con pertenencia exclusiva a una determinada persona o grupo, castra una de las mayores virtudes humanas, que es la solidaridad.
El representante formal está obligado a demostrar a la sociedad la calidad y extensión de sus poderes, bajo pena de no hacerlo, ser responsabilizado por los actos que realice en exceso. Así lo dice el código civil brasileño en su artículo 118. ¿No es esta verdad plenamente aplicable por analogía a la cuestión del lugar del habla?
Ahora bien, es solo que quien toma el “speaking place” de quienes tienen un problema específico, sabe expresar con especificidad tanto el problema como las soluciones, bajo pena de tener que responder con su honor o reputación académica o profesional.
Lo que no tiene el menor sentido es afirmar que una institución o persona tiene el derecho exclusivo de defender a los demás, cuando el sufrimiento es de toda una comunidad. En tales casos, lo ético y humano es que quien esté dispuesto a sumarse a la lucha contra la injusticia, sea visto como un lugar de habla, para quienes sufren.
Sábado, el último episodio. ¡No lo pierda!
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