Nem todos os adultos precisam de vacina contra o sarampo; entenda
Pernambuco já imunizou 93% das crianças de 1 a menores de 5 anos contra o sarampo e a poliomielite até essa quinta-feira (30) e deve alcançar a marca dos 95% recomendados nesta sexta-feira (31), último dia oficial da campanha nacional de imunização contra as duas doenças. Entre as cidades pernambucanas, 76 já chegaram ao índice dos 95% do público infantil protegido contra a pólio e 74 cidades alcançaram o percentual para o sarampo. O Recife conseguiu concluir a quinta-feira com 100%. Para os adultos, também não há necessidade de corrida pela tríplice viral. Os especialistas alertam que as pessoas mais velhas só precisam da dose caso não tenham sido vacinadas com duas doses na infância.
A coordenadora do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) do Recife, Elizabeth Azoubel, comentou que desde o último dia 6, data da abertura da campanha de vacinação para as crianças, também houve um aumento do fluxo de adultos nos postos. Muitos chegavam com relatos de desconhecimento sobre a situação vacinal para o sarampo e por isso eram imunizados. Nessa quinta, na Policlínica Lessa de Andrade, no bairro da Madalena, Zona Oeste do Recife, por exemplo, mais de 50 pessoas aguardavam pela dose na sala que vive lotada nessas últimas semanas. Entre eles estava a psicóloga Patrícia Coutinho, 41 anos. “Fiquei com medo por isso resolvi procurar a vacina. Tenho o meu cartão de quando ainda era criança e só consta uma dose e depois disso não tomei mais”, mostrou.
Desprotegida também estava a doméstica Iranilde Maria da Silva, 42. “Eu não sabia nem que existia essa vacina de sarampo. Morava no Interior e minha mãe nunca deu na gente”, disse. Outros tantos homens e mulheres na fila, no entanto, comentaram terem recebido as doses na infância, mas sem comprovação na caderneta preferiam tomar mais uma dose. “O adulto só vai ser vacinado se ele não tiver sido vacinado na infância. Não é uma nova vacina. Se ele tem dose anterior, não precisa fazer”, esclareceu a coordenadora do PNI do Estado, Ana Catarina Melo.
Ela reforçou que, se o indivíduo já foi imunizado aos 12 meses e aos 15 meses de vida, não precisa fazer mais esquemas. O problema é que a maioria das pessoas não se recorda e não arquiva a caderneta de quando era pequeno. “A gente precisa fortalecer a importância de ter esse registro. Porque excesso de dose de vacina pode não ter nada, mas se tiver alguma coisa? Nunca aconteceu (uma intercorrência), mas a gente não pode estar dando chance ao azar”, alertou sobre múltiplas exposições desnecessárias ao imunizante. Catarina relembrou ainda que no ano 2000 houve uma campanha de vacinação em massa para sarampo e outra em 2008 para a rubéola, que era dupla viral e também protegia contra o sarampo.
O infectologista da Rede D’OR São Luiz, Moacir Jucá, explicou que duas doses da vacina administradas ao longo da vida são suficientes para a proteção do indivíduo, mesmo sendo elas aplicadas na infância. Somente em casos excepcionais e incomuns é que pode não haver a proteção completa e a pessoa continuar susceptível ao vírus. Já quem teve sarampo uma vez não terá de novo. É essa imunidade adquirida pelo adoecimento que fez o Ministério da Saúde (MS) estabelecer o critério de idade máxima, até 49 anos, para a vacina no SUS. “Quem já é mais velho, acima de 40 anos ou 50 anos, é muito provável que já tenha adoecido. Porque o sarampo há muitos anos era bastante comum e já gerava imunidade naquelas populações”, comentou Jucá.
O médico reforçou que não existe descrição de mutação do vírus do sarampo no Brasil, mas que a reinserção da doença encontrou brecha no afrouxamento que as pessoas tiveram em relação à vacinação nos últimos anos. A presença de venezuelanos no Estado gerou preocupação na população, mas todos esses visitantes já chegaram imunizados.
Fonte: Folha PE
Foto: Paullo Allmeida
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