AS BANDEIRAS TARIFÁRIAS E O AUMENTO DA CONTA DE LUZ EM 2023
Foi anunciado que 2023 teremos bandeira verde na conta de luz. Em 2022, o reajuste médio da tarifa de energia elétrica foi de 11,35%.
Segundo previsão da ANEEL, em 2023, um total de 7 distribuidoras deverão reajustar a taxa de energia, superior a 10%. No entanto, 15 distribuidoras terão reajuste entre 5% e 10%; 17 distribuidoras com reajuste entre 0% e 5%; e 13 distribuidoras com reajuste inferior a 0%.
Esses aumentos são referentes a uma crise que o país vive após a pandemia de Covid-19. O aumento já preocupa boa parte da população no país. Atualmente o rombo do setor elétrico é de R$ 500 bi. O governo petista durante o período de transição expressou preocupação diante do fato e espera buscar soluções rápidas de modo que o impacto na população de baixa renda não seja tão expressivo.
O ajuste da tarifa de energia decorre da elevação dos custos de produção, transmissão e de distribuição de energia. O mecanismo das bandeiras tarifárias constitui uma forma de custear a geração de energia de forma rápida sem a burocracia regulatória da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica, a ANEEL.
As bandeiras existem para cobrir os custos de geração de energia elétrica. a maior parte da eletricidade consumida no Brasil decorre da fonte hídrica, ou seja, da força da vazão dos rios. Como existe sazonalidade e períodos em que os rios estão cheios decorrente do período de chuvas, é natural que nessa época a bandeira utilizada seja mais livre e menos onerosa.
O Brasil adota 3 modalidades de bandeiras tarifárias : verde, amarela e vermelha e recentemente devido ao longo período de escassez criou-se a bandeira de escassez hídrica. Para cada 100 KWh consumido nas residências acrescenta-se um valor diferente na conta de luz co usuário.
*VERDE: não há acréscimo na tarifa;
*AMARELA: reflete as condições hídricas menos favoráveis, a tarifa tem acréscimo de R$ 1,87 para cada 100 KWh consumido;
*VERMELHA: reflete condições hídricas desfavoráveis. Existem 2 patamares (Patamar 1): R$ 3,97/100 KWh e (Patamar 2): R$ 9,49/100 KWh;
*ESCASSEZ HÍDRICA: reflete condições extremamente desfavoráveis . R$ 14,20/100 KWh . Essa bandeira vigorou em 2022 devido as péssimas condições dos reservatórios das usinas que supriam o sistema interligado nacional (SIN)
Em verdade as bandeiras refletem uma projeção de custos acoplada ao nível dos reservatórios. Essa condição da “natureza” reflete invariavelmente no valor cobrado pelas concessionarias de distribuição de energia cujo valor se resumo ao que denominamos de TARIFA.
A TARIFA inclui esses custos da “natureza” e custos da gestão das concessionárias de energia. quando uma dada concessionária realiza uma gestão ruim, infelizmente esse mal agouro refletirá no valor cobrado pela TARIFA.
Entra também nessa conta o valor dos tributos (PIS,COFINS, ICMS) e encargos setoriais. Esse pacote resume o valor da TARIFA ao final das contas.
TARIFA = custos (geração+transmissão+distribuição) + impostos + encargos setoriais.
Por outro lado, de modo a proteger a população de baixa renda temos o programa social chamado Tarifa Social de Energia Elétrica. Por meio do benefício, as famílias podem obter desconto de até 100% da conta de luz. Esse desconto é escalonado e depende do consumo de energia da família em questão. Para isso é importante que atenda aos seguintes requisitos:
*Família inscrita no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federa com renda familiar mensal per capita menor ou igual a meio salário-mínimo nacional; ou
*Idosos com 65 anos ou mais ou pessoas com deficiência, que recebam o Benefício de Prestação Continuada da Assistência Social (BPC); ou
*Família inscrita no Cadastro Único com renda mensal de até 3 salários-mínimos, que tenha portador de doença ou deficiência (física, motora, auditiva, visual, intelectual e múltipla) cujo tratamento, procedimento médico ou terapêutico requeira o uso continuado de aparelhos, equipamentos ou instrumentos que, para o seu funcionamento, demandem consumo de energia elétrica.
Vamos entrando 2023 com essas surpresas desagradáveis mas devemos seguir aguardando por dias melhores.
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