Aposentadoria: veja quando vale a pena pedir a ‘revisão da vida toda’
Julgamento no STF vai até o dia 11 de junho e iniciou com o voto favorável do relator para que segurado escolha melhor benefício
O julgamento da “revisão da vida toda” no STF (Supremo Tribunal de Justiça) iniciou com um parecer favorável ao aposentado emitida pelo relator do processo, ministro Marco Aurélio Mello, que foi seguido por mais dois ministros: Edson Fachin e Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha.
A matéria começou a ser analisada na sexta-feira (4) e a corte deve dar sua decisão final até o o dia 11. É a maior discussão previdenciária desde o fim da desaposentação. A ação defende que o aposentado merece a escolha do benefício mais vantajoso.
A decisão, se favorável, beneficia profissionais que estão no mercado de trabalho antes de julho de 1994 – aposentados ou não – que podem exigir a inclusão dessas contribuições na contagem.
Se é um profissional que ganhava mais do que recebe atualmente, a ação pode valer a pena. A pedido do R7 Economize, o advogado Giovanni Magalhães, especialista em cálculo do mesmo escritório, fez três simulações de pedidos de revisão da vida toda.
Duas delas apresentam resultados positivos e valeriam a pena para o segurado, e uma com apuração negativa e que não seria vantajosa. Confira:
Caso 1 (positivo):
Mulher, aposentada desde 27/12/2011 com 27 anos de contribuição. Ao considerar as contribuições anteriores a julho de 1994, o benefício atual de R$ 2.824,39 passaria para R$ 5.839,45, valor teto da previdência, com previsão de atrasados – valores a receber como diferença pelo benefício menor que foi pago anteriormente – de R$ 199.722,46.
Caso 2 (positivo):
Homem, aposentado desde 30/08/2017 com 16 anos de contribuição. Neste caso, o segurado deixou de contribuir ao INSS durante grande período após 1994, de forma que, na concessão, houve aplicação do mínimo divisor deixando o benefício no valor do salário mínimo.
Sendo assim, ao considerar as contribuições anteriores a julho de 1994, o benefício atual de R$ 1.039 passa para R$ 4.799,96, com previsão de atrasados de R$ 118.477,38.
A lei especifica que o mínimo divisor corresponde a 60% do tempo decorrido entre julho de 1994 até a data de início da aposentadoria.
Exemplo: imagine dois segurados que pediram a sua aposentadoria na regra atual. Ambos possuem o tempo de contribuição mínimo, mas um deles possui 100 contribuições enquanto o outro apenas 30 contribuições.
Se não existisse o mínimo divisor, em ambos os casos seriam somadas todas as contribuições e tirada a média simples (no primeiro caso, seria 100 dividido por 100 e, no caso 2, 30 dividido por 30).
Entretanto, não era entendido como justo que a aposentadoria de um segurado que pagou mais contribuições tivesse o mesmo cálculo de alguém que contribuiu menos.
Assim, neste exemplo, o mínimo divisor seria 60 e, no segundo casso, seriam somadas as 30 contribuições e dividido por 60. O que, consequentemente, iria gerar um benefício menor e, legalmente, mais justo.
Caso 3 (negativo):
Mulher, aposentada desde 1º/10/2013 com 32 anos de contribuição. Neste caso, as contribuições anteriores a julho de 1994 diminuiriam o benefício atual de R$ 3.850,81 para R$ 3.373,84, sendo inviável para a segurada o ingresso da ação.
A decisão beneficia profissionais que estão no mercado de trabalho antes de julho de 1994 – aposentados ou não – que podem exigir a inclusão dessas contribuições na contagem.
No caso dos aposentados, o prazo para pedir a revisão é de até 10 anos, ou seja, se o segurado se aposentou em 2011, ele se expira este ano.
A ação já tem parecer favorável da PGR (Procuradoria Geral da República) que seguiu entendimento do STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) e ganhou um reforço de peso na quarta-feira (3) quando a DPU (Defensoria Pública da União) juntou ao processo parecer totalmente favorável ao aposentado.
Os três defendem que o INSS deve considerar todas as contribuições previdenciárias que o segurado fez à Previdência Social no cálculo da sua aposentadoria.
O instituto, porém, recorreu ao STF para tentar frear a aplicação da chamada “revisão da vida toda” argumentando questões econômicas.
Para o advogado João Badari, especialista em direito previdenciário e sócio do escritório Aith, Badari e Luchin Advogados, o posicionamento do INSS sobre o aumento dos gastos públicos com uma decisão favorável da “revisão da vida toda”.
“Vale ressaltar que o número de ações dessa revisão é muito menor do que a da desaposentação. Por quê? É uma ação de exceção que vale para quem ganhava mais e com o passar dos anos passou a ganhar menos, teve o fim com a reforma da previdência, ou seja, não cabe mais para quem se aposentar pelas novas regras, além de a decadência de 10 anos, ou seja, se o segurado se aposentou em 2011, ele se expira este ano.”
É preciso fazer os cálculos – que envolvem a conversão das moedas utilizadas no país anteriormente ao Real – de todas as suas contribuições para verificar se a ação seria benéfica para o seu caso.
“Se é um profissional que ganhava mais do que recebe atualmente, a ação pode valer a pena”, comenta.
O prazo para pedir a revisão é de 10 dez anos, por isso, quem se aposentou em janeiro de 2011, por exemplo, deve correr.
A ação deve ser ingressada na Justiça. Não é possível pedir a revisão de forma administrativa no INSS.
Antes de ingressar com a ação é importante procurar um profissional para fazer o cálculo das contribuições feitas antes de 1994 para saber se vale a pena.
Entrar com pedido de aposentadoria no INSS (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social) é sempre um mistério. Enquanto uns chegam a ter o pedido aprovado no mesmo dia, outros aguardam meses e até anos. A maioria dos casos, porém, envolve erro do solicitante e não a morosidade do INSS, segundo especialistas. Clique nas imagens acima e confira as dicas dos advogados especializados em direito previdenciário: João Badari, do escritório Aith, Badari e Luchin Advogados, e Daniela Castro, do escritório Vilhena Silva Advogados.
Economize | Márcia Rodrigues, do R7
#foconafonte : https://noticias.r7.com/economia/economize/aposentadoria-veja-quando-vale-a-pena-pedir-a-revisao-da-vida-toda-07062021
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