ONDE ESTÁ O LIMITE?
Por Jadson d’Pádua
O voto NÃO, dos 130 deputados federais, incluindo o pernambucano Pastor Eurico (Patriota-PE), contra a manutenção da prisão do Deputado Federal Daniel Silveira (PSL-RJ) pelo ministro Alexandre de Moraes e autenticado pelo plenário do STF, abriu um questionamento em boa parte da sociedade brasileira sobre o mérito da questão e os limites da imunidade parlamentar.
Após a gravação de um vídeo pregando a violência contra os ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF e veiculado nas redes sociais, o Deputado Federal Daniel Silveira foi preso em ‘flagrante delito’. Muitos repudiaram o conteúdo postado pelo parlamentar, caracterizando-o como manifestação de ódio e falta de decoro. Outras pessoas pontuaram que ele teria meios legais para questionar os desmandos do STF e agir legalmente dentro dos trâmites republicanos. Alguns questionaram: se poderia fazer dentro da lei, por que não o fez? Ou melhor: se tentou, por que não conseguiu fazê-lo? Será que há um expressivo número de deputados federais (364 disseram sim) que são juridicamente reféns do STF e que acharam melhor não o afrontar agora e, por isso, se manifestaram pelo SIM, mantendo Daniel Silveira na prisão? Ou a presidência da Câmara dos Deputados prefere não pautar requerimentos com alto grau de periculosidade política e jurídica?
O cerne da questão é: até onde vai o limite das opiniões, palavras e votos dos parlamentares para que não sejam violados civil, penal e administrativamente? Essa é a essência da Inviolabilidade parlamentar ou imunidade material dos parlamentares, popularmente conhecida como imunidade parlamentar. Em outros termos, até onde as opiniões podem não ser caracterizadas como condutas criminosas?
Incomodado com a questão, o senador Roberto Rocha (PSDB-MA) encaminhou pedido à mesa do Senado Federal para convidar o Ministro Alexandre de Moraes a esclarecer os limites assegurados pela imunidade parlamentar e as condutas criminosas. Para ele, o debate poderá propiciar ajustes nas leis, até porque o STF não tem o poder constitucional de legislar.
O General Eduardo José Barbosa, presidente do Clube Militar, fez um questionamento muito pertinente: “por que as ameaças abertas contra a vida do Presidente da República não são tratadas como crimes inafiançáveis?” A atitude do Deputado o fez praticar um crime hediondo para se tornar inafiançável, como assegura a Constituição de 1988?
Bem sabem os juristas que em uma Democracia nada é absoluto, inclusive, para os três Poderes da República. Como lembrou Nelson Rodrigues: “toda unanimidade é burra”.
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