Dor neuropática atinge 10% da população
A dor neuropática é um tipo de dor que ocorre quando nervos sensitivos do Sistema Nervoso Central e/ou periférico são feridos ou danificados. Esse tipo de problema está presente em até 10% da população e pode ser incapacitante, causando diferentes sensações de dor. As principais características desse tipo de dor são sensações de choque e queimação, que podem ser localizados ou não, e muitas vezes associada a sensação de formigamento e dormência, falta de sensibilidade.
Essa dor neuropática frequentemente evolui de forma crônica e tem difícil controle em grande parte dos casos. Há importante comprometimento da qualidade de vida das pessoas e de suas relações sociais e laborativas.
De acordo com a neurologista, Dra Renata Andrade, a dor neuropática é um tipo de dor que resulta de uma lesão em segmento do sistema nervoso, de forma mais frequente dos nervos periféricos e raízes nervosas, podendo ser provocada, por exemplo, por polineuropatia diabética, alcoolismo, uso de medicações como quimioterápicos, infecções como o herpes ou doenças sistêmicas como amiloidose – é um grupo de doenças raras, causadas pelo depósito de proteínas insolúveis no corpo -, e doenças auto-imunes.
“Essa condição também pode estar presente em pacientes com quadro prévio de doenças envolvendo a medula espinhal, que apresentaram AVC ou complicações da Esclerose Múltipla”, explica. Esse tipo específico de dor é causada quando há interpretação errônea do cérebro de estímulos sensitivos, com percepção de sensação desagradável, muitas vezes caracterizada como queimação, choques, pontadas, furadas, e extremamente dolorosas.
Ainda de acordo com a Dra. Renata Andrade, pode haver uma sensibilidade exagerada a estímulos que habitualmente não causam dor, como o contacto com a roupa ou outros objetos, eventualmente persistindo mesmo depois de remover o estímulo doloroso. A polineuropática diabética é uma dadas principais causas de dor neuropática; 20% dos casos apresentam dor. Nesses pacientes os sintomas costumam predominar em pés e pernas, mas pode também acometer segmentos de tronco e membros superiores.
Para tratamento da dor neuropática é importante uma abordagem multidisciplinar utilizando múltiplas estratégias e, entre elas, o uso de medicações, muitas vezes anticonvulsivantes ou antidepressivos. O uso de medicações tópicas ( pomadas e adesivos ) e procedimentos como bloqueios anestésicos podem ser indicados em alguns casos. A prática de atividade física, fisioterapia, acupuntura, meditação e técnicas de relaxamento podem ser também estratégias adicionais no tratamento desta condição. “O tratamento sempre deve ser individualizado e direcionado para a causa da dor e o paciente em questão. Nem sempre se consegue cura, mas há a possibilidade de adequado controle de sintomas, promovendo melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes”, conclui.
SERVIÇO:
REAL NEURO – Hospital Português
Endereço: Av. Gov. Agamenon Magalhães, 4760 – Paissandu
Instagram: @renataandrade.
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